economics Nature Is Weird

The "smarter" and more independent your gadgets become, the more you start to feel like you're losing your own freedom.

April 10, 2026

Original Paper

Technology's Catch-22? A Theory of Zero-Sum Autonomy

Jonas Goergen, Emanuel de Bellis, Gergely Nyilasy

SSRN · 6443080

The Takeaway

We often buy self-driving cars or smart appliances to make life easier, but there's a psychological catch. Our brains treat autonomy as a zero-sum game: if the machine is in charge, we feel less like the masters of our own lives.

From the abstract

Autonomous products-robot vacuums, smart home systems, self-driving vehicles-represent an expanding product class, yet consumer acceptance lags behind technological capability and marketing spending. We introduce the Theory of Zero-Sum Autonomy to explain this gap. The theory's core construct, zero-sum autonomy construal (ZAC), is a relational judgment in which consumers interpret gains in product autonomy as losses of their own autonomy. Consumerautonomous product interaction is susceptible to