economics Paradigm Challenge

Companies don't invest more because of tax breaks; they do it because they're terrified their rivals are going to beat them to it.

March 20, 2026

Original Paper

Dynamic Investment and Product Market Rivalry: The Network Q Model

SSRN · 6408139

The Takeaway

Traditional economics suggests that cheap borrowing or tax breaks are the primary drivers of corporate growth. This study reveals that the 'network effect' of competition—investing because a direct rival did—is the dominant force shaping how capital moves through the U.S. economy.

From the abstract

We present a new dynamic model of corporate investment in imperfectly-competitive product markets, extending the neoclassical (Q) theory of capital to a multi-firm, multi-product, fullystructural model. Our model embeds a state-of-the-art hedonic demand system, endogenizes firms' markups and generalizes Tobin's Q to a matrix (or network) of product market spillovers, which captures how each firm's investment affects that of its rivals. We provide existence and uniqueness results along with exact