AI & ML Paradigm Shift

Correlated Diffusion replaces independent noise with structured MCMC dynamics, enabling generative modeling on hyper-efficient probabilistic computers.

March 31, 2026

Original Paper

From Independent to Correlated Diffusion: Generalized Generative Modeling with Probabilistic Computers

Nihal Sanjay Singh, Mazdak Mohseni-Rajaee, Shaila Niazi, Kerem Y. Camsari

arXiv · 2603.27996

The Takeaway

By moving the computational burden from the neural network to a structured stochastic kernel (Ising couplings), this framework achieves orders-of-magnitude improvements in energy efficiency and throughput. It represents a fundamental shift toward hardware-aware generative modeling using p-bits instead of GPUs.

From the abstract

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework for generative tasks in deep learning. They decompose generative modeling into two computational primitives: deterministic neural-network evaluation and stochastic sampling. Current implementations usually place most computation in the neural network, but diffusion as a framework allows a broader range of choices for the stochastic transition kernel. Here, we generalize the stochastic sampling component by replacing independent noise injectio