Life Science Paradigm Challenge

A natural mechanism that plants use to help the climate is secretly making global warming worse.

April 14, 2026

Original Paper

Biological nitrification inhibition compromises the soil methane sink

Yang, S.; Fahim, F. H.; Shahi, P. B.; Stanton, L. E.; Jo, S.; Park, W.-M.; Calleros, J. A.; Park, S.; Lee, J.; Mohammadian, P.; Parameswaran, P.; Suh, J.; Kwon, M.-J.; Im, J.

bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.04.12.685468

The Takeaway

Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) was thought to be a win-win because it stops nitrous oxide emissions. However, this study shows it also kills the methane-eating bacteria in the soil, potentially canceling out all its climate benefits.

From the abstract

Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a plant-mediated process that suppresses nitrification and is widely considered beneficial for reducing nitrous oxide emissions. Here, we show that BNI compounds also inhibit methane oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria, revealing a previously unrecognized trade-off in greenhouse gas regulation. Across soil bioreactor systems and pure cultures of both Type I and Type II methanotrophs, BNI compounds consistently suppressed methane oxidation activity. K