economics First Ever

AI shopping bots don't care about 'only 2 left!' or countdown timers—they’re immune to all our usual marketing tricks.

April 2, 2026

Original Paper

Marketing to Machines: How AI Shopping Agents Respond to Promotional Cues

Jafar Sabbah, Oguz A Acar

SSRN · 6406639

The Takeaway

Humans are easily manipulated by 'only 2 left!' badges, but AI models largely ignore these cues. The only promotional signal that consistently influences AI agents is star ratings, suggesting that current e-commerce psychology is useless in a bot-mediated economy.

From the abstract

As AI agents increasingly make purchasing decisions on behalf of consumers, do standard promotional cues designed for human cognition retain their influence? We examine whether common promotional cues designed to influence human shoppers affect AI agents in comparable ways. We develop a controlled simulation environment that replicates common e-commerce promotional badges-including assurance signals, scarcity, strike-through pricing, countdown timers, social proof, vouchers, bundles, and ratings