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A brute-force search for simple math problems found three integrals that the world's best software is completely unable to solve.

Exhaustive symbolic integration reveals massive blind spots in industry-standard tools like Mathematica and SymPy. By enumerating every possible symbolic function up to a certain complexity, researchers mapped the entire landscape of what can be solved. They discovered that current smart solvers miss fundamental solutions that a basic systematic search can find. This brute force approach to logic proves that human-designed algorithms have systematic biases in how they approach math. It suggests that our most powerful mathematical tools are missing a significant portion of solvable reality.

Original Paper

Exhaustive Symbolic Integration: Integration by Differentiation and the Landscape of Symbolic Integrability

Harry Desmond

arXiv  ·  2605.04978

We introduce Exhaustive Symbolic Integration (ESI), a method that enumerates all symbolic functions up to a given complexity $k$ within a specified operator basis and determines which admit closed-form antiderivatives within the same class. This allows us to compute the "integrability fraction" $\rho(k)$ (the fraction of functions whose derivatives lie within the same class), which we do for five operator bases including combinations of rational functions, powers, exponentials, logarithms and tr