The human brain maps abstract emotions onto a literal hexagonal grid as if they were physical locations on a city street.
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex uses a hexadirectional coordinate system to organize how we feel. These grid-like patterns were previously only found in the parts of the brain responsible for navigating physical environments. Feelings like happiness or sadness are treated as fixed points in a geometric space that the brain can traverse. This discovery proves that our internal world is governed by the same spatial mathematics used for finding our way home. A malfunctioning grid might explain why emotional trauma can make people feel literally lost or disoriented.
A grid-like basis for affective space in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex
bioRxiv · 10.64898/2026.04.30.721013
Human emotional experiences vary widely in everyday life, yet they are systematically organized within a continuous affective space defined by valence and arousal. Although this circumplex organization has shaped decades of research, its neural implementation remains unclear. Here, we asked whether abstract emotion concepts are encoded using grid-like coordinate principles in the human brain. During fMRI, participants tracked trajectories through affective space conveyed through morphs of facial